Who should read this?
IT and Security Team, Cyber Security Managers
Understanding zero-day attacks
Zero-day attacks exploit vulnerabilities in software, firmware, or hardware that are unknown to the vendor. Since these weaknesses are not yet identified, the vendor has had zero days to develop and release a patch, leaving systems exposed. When hackers discover a zero-day vulnerability, they use malicious code, known as an exploit, to take advantage of the flaw. This allows them to gain unauthorized access, steal data, deploy malware, or disrupt operations. Because there are no available patches or fixes, these attacks can bypass traditional security defenses, giving attackers a significant opportunity to cause damage before the vulnerability is discovered and patched.
How does a zero-day attack work?
Understanding how a zero-day attack operates is key to defending against it. Here’s how a typical zero-day attack unfolds:
- Discovering vulnerabilities: Attackers search for critical vulnerabilities in popular software, often targeting those that are unknown to the vendor. Some even purchase these vulnerabilities on the black market, where they are highly valued.
- Creating exploit code: Once a vulnerability is identified, hackers develop exploit code designed to take advantage of it. This code typically includes malware that, once activated, can download additional malicious software. The malware allows attackers to infect devices, execute unauthorized code, gain admin access, or perform other harmful actions.
- Identifying vulnerable systems: Using automated tools, criminals scan for systems susceptible to their exploit. Depending on their goals, they may plan a targeted attack on specific individuals or organizations, or launch a broader, mass attack.
- Deploying the exploit: Attackers often distribute exploits through compromised websites or emails. These can take the form of phishing emails or malicious ads that, when clicked, download the exploit to the user’s device. Exploit kits, which are collections of various exploits targeting different vulnerabilities, are also commonly used.
- Launching the attack: Once the exploit is deployed, the attacker gains access to the system, compromising its operations and data. Hackers might steal sensitive information, deploy ransomware, or conduct supply chain attacks. In supply chain attacks, the attacker infiltrates a critical software provider and hides malware in legitimate software updates, affecting countless users when the compromised software is distributed.
Way forward
Prioritizing strategies on how to mitigate zero-day attacks is essential for strong security. To assist with this, Security Quotient’s research team has developed an informative carousel titled ‘Strategies to mitigate zero-day attacks.’ This guide provides actionable strategies for IT and Security Teams on how to defend against zero-day attacks within the work environment.
Article Contributor
Sreelakshmi M P
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